PROII 9.1 Released 17
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On November 10, 2015, we released a new mixture file (HMX.BNC) that now contains mixing parameters for every binary of the fluids R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze(E). With these, mixtures such as R-448A that contain all five of these no longer use the predictive methods to get the interaction parameters. This file works with both versions 9.0 and 9.1 of Refprop. If you would like this file, please contact us.
The Sound Blaster 1.0 (code named \"Killer Kard\"),[3] CT1320A, was released in 1989. In addition to Game Blaster features, it had a 9-voice (11 voices in drum mode)[4] FM synthesizer using the Yamaha YM3812 chip, also known as OPL2. It provided perfect compatibility with the market leader AdLib sound card, which had gained support in PC games in the preceding year. Creative used the \"DSP\" acronym to designate the digital audio part of the Sound Blaster. This actually stood for Digital Sound Processor, rather than the more common digital signal processor, and was really a simple micro-controller from the Intel MCS-51 family (supplied by Intel and Matra MHS, among others). It could play back 8-bit monaural sampled sound at up to 23kHz sampling frequency and record 8-bit at up to 12kHz. The sole DSP-like features of the circuit were ADPCM decompression and a primitive non-MPU-401 compatible MIDI interface. The ADPCM decompression schemes supported were 2 to 1, 3 to 1 and 4 to 1. The CT1320B variety of the Sound Blaster 1.0 typically has C/MS chips installed in sockets rather than soldered on the PCB, though units do exist with the C/MS chips soldered on.[5]
The final revision of the original Sound Blaster, the Sound Blaster 2.0 was released in October 1991,[15] CT1350, added support for \"auto-init\" DMA, which assisted in producing a continuous loop of double-buffered sound output. Similar to version 1.0 and 1.5, it used a 1-channel 8-bit DAC. However, the maximum sampling rate was increased to 44kHz for playback, and 15kHz for record. The DSP's MIDI UART was upgraded to full-duplex and offered time stamping features, but was not yet compatible with the MPU-401 interface used by professional MIDI equipment. The Sound Blaster 2.0's PCB-layout used more highly integrated components, both shrinking the board's size and reducing manufacturing cost.
Sound Blaster MCV, CT5320, was a version created for IBM PS/2 model 50 and higher and their ISA-incompatible Micro Channel architecture. The MCV Sound Blaster has some issues outputting audio while running on PS/2s with CPUs running faster than 16MHz. However, the joystick interface is still inoperable on PS/2s it was designed for due to the slow-speed Schottky chips that have been installed. None of these timing issues affect the Yamaha YM3812. Some of the MCV Sound Blasters were released with faster Schottkys which eradicated some of the problems.[16]
Creative released many cards using the original AudioPCI chip, Ensoniq ES1370, and several boards using revised versions of this chip (ES1371 and ES1373), and some with Creative-labeled AudioPCI chips. Boards using AudioPCI tech are usually easily identifiable by the board design and the chip size because they all look quite similar. Such boards include Sound Blaster PCI64 (April 1998), PCI128 (July 1998), Creative Ensoniq AudioPCI, Vibra PCI and Sound Blaster 16 PCI.
The X-Fi (for \"Extreme Fidelity\") was released in August 2005 and as of 2012[update] came in XtremeGamer, Titanium, Titanium Fatal1ty Professional, Titanium Fatal1ty Champion and Elite Pro configurations. The 130nm EMU20K1 (or EMU20K2 for Titanium series models) audio chip operates at 400MHz and has 51million transistors. The computational power of this processor, i.e. its performance, is estimated as 10,000MIPS, which is about 24 times higher than the estimated performance of its predecessor, the Audigy processor. Beginning with the 2008 Titanium models, newer X-Fi cards switched from PCI to PCI Express x1 connectors. With the X-Fi's \"Active Modal Architecture\" (AMA), the user can choose one of three optimization modes: Gaming, Entertainment, and Creation; each enabling a combination of the features of the chipset. The X-Fi uses EAX 5.0 which supports up to 128 3D-positioned voices with up to four effects applied to each. This release also included the 24-bit crystallizer, which is intended to pronounce percussion elements by placing some emphasis on low and high pitched parts of the sound. The X-Fi, at its release, offered some of the most powerful mixing capabilities available, making it a powerful entry-level card for home musicians. The other big improvement in the X-Fi over the previous Audigy designs was the complete overhaul of the resampling engine on the card. The previous Audigy cards had their DSPs locked at 48/16, meaning any content that did not match was resampled on the card in hardware; which was done poorly and resulted in a lot of intermodulation distortion. Many hardcore users worked around this by means of resampling their content using high quality software decoders, usually in the form of a plugin in their media player. Creative completely re-wrote the resampling method used on the X-Fi and dedicated more than half of the power of the DSP to the process; resulting in a very clean resample.[citation needed]
The Sound BlasterX AE-5 was announced in June 2017, the first discrete sound card made by Creative in five years since the introduction of the Z-series. The card is the first in the Sound Blaster series to use a 32-bit/384kHz SABRE 32 Ultra DAC (ES9016K2M), along with a custom-designed discrete headphone amplifier (1W output power and low output impedance of 1 Ohm so it can provide high damping factor for virtually any dynamic headphone). The card has an additional RGB lighting courtesy of a MOLEX power connection and accompanying RGB LED strip.[33][34] In late 2017, a white colored model of the sound card called the Sound BlasterX AE-5 Pure Edition was released with 4 RGB LED strips instead of one with the standard black model.[35]
In 2020, the AE-5 Plus was released which is similar to the previous model, but the sound card comes with hardware Dolby Digital Live and DTS encoding.[36] There is a white colored Pure Edition released alongside the standard black model.[37]
The Sound Blaster AE-7 was released in July 2019 alongside the Sound Blaster AE-9.[38] It is equipped with an ESS SABRE 9018 DAC,[39] and it features an ACM (Audio Control Module), which connects to the sound card via two of the audio ports available on the card itself.[39] It doesn't feature RGB lighting, contrary to the AE-5, and it doesn't require external power either.
The Sound Blaster AE-9 was announced in December 2018, targeting the audiophile audience.[40] This soundcard is equipped with an ESS SABRE 9038 DAC,[41] and it features an external Audio Control Module which connects to the sound card with a mini-HDMI cable,[41] containing an XLR port for a microphone and a toggleable 48+volt phantom power rail; the sound card itself features replaceable operational amplifiers. The sound card with the external DAC consumes 75W, and thus is the first sound card from Creative that requires auxiliary power, using a 6-pin PCI-E connector to supply power to the external DAC.The card was officially released on July 10, 2019 to celebrate 30 years since the introduction of the original Sound Blaster.[38]
Later, in 2004, Creative released updated drivers top-to-bottom for the Audigy through Audigy 4 line that put these cards basically at feature parity on a software level. As of 2006, the entire Audigy lineup uses the same driver package. DSP decoding at the driver level on other cards than Audigy 2 ZS and 4 is still not supported by official drivers, but it works with soft-modded drivers on the other cards with hardware DSP (like Audigy 2 6.1).
When Windows Vista was released, there was only a single beta driver for the Creative Audigy series that was usable on the operating system with minimal functionality and frequent instability reported by users. A Creative Forum activist named Daniel K. modified drivers from the X-Fi and applied it to the Audigy and Live! series, restoring most if not all of the features that came with the original XP setup CD in Vista. X-Fi drivers have noticeably better sound quality under Vista, and more bug fixes because of the newer build (last modified version is 2.15.0004EQ April). He managed to enable the X-Fi Crystallizer to work on Audigy series cards in software, however because of the patents involved, he was forced to remove all the modified drivers and DLL patch.
Creative then released a newer official Audigy Vista driver (2.18.0000 as of 28 July 2008) due to public and consumer pressure. However, some form of agreement between Creative and Daniel K has been achieved, as he returned to the Creative forums, posting updated versions of his modified drivers. He released the final version of his modded driver package as of January 12, 2012.[43]
The HHKB Professional JP was introduced on November 10, 2008 and is priced at 24,990 (Japanese Yen). At the time of the announcement the HHKB Professional JP keycap sets were also spontaneously released with the keyboard as an optional accessory.
It should be noted that the 6th Editions of ANSI/ISA 60079-0 and ANSI/ISA 60079-11, which were released after this study was conducted, restored all the previously removed IEC IS mining-related (Group I) criteria. Since however, as stated above, this study was conducted assuming the Group I criteria were still in place in these standards, the change does not alter the results. The release of the 6th Editions of ANSI/ISA 60079-0 and ANSI/ISA 60079-11 has had no direct effect on statutory requirements for MSHA approval of IS equipment in the U.S., and as of this writing, MSHA approves only IS equipment complying with ACRI2001 criteria. 153554b96e
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